/* Autorept: monochrome editorial stylesheet. System fonts only. */
:root{
  --black:#0B0B0B;
  --ink:#111111;
  --ink-2:#3B3B3B;
  --muted:#6E6E6E;
  --line:#DCDCDC;
  --line-soft:#ECECEC;
  --gray:#F5F5F4;
  --paper:#FFFFFF;
  --sans:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,sans-serif;
  --mono:ui-monospace,"SF Mono","Cascadia Mono","Roboto Mono",Menlo,Consolas,"Liberation Mono",monospace;
  --measure:700px;
}
*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}
html{scroll-padding-top:80px;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font:17px/1.65 var(--sans);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
a{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:.2em}
a:hover{text-decoration-thickness:2px}
:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--ink);outline-offset:3px}
h1,h2,h3{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink);font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.022em;line-height:1.1;margin:0 0 .5em}
p{margin:0 0 1.05em}
.wrap{max-width:1200px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 28px}
.skip{position:absolute;left:-999px;top:8px;background:#fff;color:#000;padding:8px 14px;z-index:100}
.skip:focus{left:8px}
.mono{font-family:var(--mono)}
.label{display:inline-block;font:600 .72rem/1.2 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink)}
.label.inv{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;padding:5px 8px}
.meta{font:.8rem/1.6 var(--mono);color:var(--muted)}
.meta b{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}
.meta .dot::before{content:"/";margin:0 .6em;color:var(--line)}

/* ---------- header ---------- */
.site-head{background:var(--black);color:#fff;position:sticky;top:0;z-index:50}
.head-row{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;height:66px}
.brand{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:14px;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}
.brand .word{font:900 1.45rem/1 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.14em}
.brand .tag{font:.68rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#A8A8A8}
.brand:hover .word{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:.25em}
.nav{display:flex;align-items:center;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;gap:2px}
.nav>li{position:relative}
.nav a,.nav .sub-btn{display:block;padding:10px 13px;font:600 .88rem/1 var(--sans);color:#fff;text-decoration:none;background:none;border:0;cursor:pointer;letter-spacing:.01em}
.nav a:hover,.nav .sub-btn:hover{color:#fff;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:.4em}
.nav>li>a[aria-current="page"],.nav .sub-btn.on{box-shadow:inset 0 -3px 0 #fff}
.sub-btn::after{content:"";display:inline-block;width:5px;height:5px;margin-left:8px;border:solid currentColor;border-width:0 1.5px 1.5px 0;transform:translateY(-3px) rotate(45deg)}
.sub{display:none;position:absolute;right:0;top:100%;min-width:300px;background:#fff;border:2px solid var(--ink);list-style:none;margin:0;padding:6px 0}
.has-sub:hover .sub,.has-sub:focus-within .sub,.has-sub.open .sub{display:block}
.sub a{color:var(--ink);padding:10px 18px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.35}
.sub a:hover{color:var(--ink);background:var(--gray);text-decoration:none}
.sub a[aria-current="page"]{font-weight:800}
.sub .all{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:6px;padding-top:12px;font-weight:800}
.nav-toggle{display:none;background:none;border:1px solid #555;color:#fff;padding:8px 14px;font:600 .82rem var(--mono);letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer}
.ticker{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);background:#fff}
.ticker .wrap{display:flex;gap:28px;align-items:center;height:38px;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;font:.78rem/1 var(--mono);color:var(--ink-2)}
.ticker b{font-weight:700;color:var(--ink);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.06em}
.ticker a{color:var(--ink-2);text-decoration:none}
.ticker a:hover{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline}

/* ---------- breadcrumbs ---------- */
.crumbs{font:.78rem/1.4 var(--mono);color:var(--muted);padding:22px 0 0}
.crumbs ol{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px}
.crumbs li+li::before{content:"/";margin:0 6px 0 2px;color:var(--line)}
.crumbs a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}
.crumbs a:hover{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline}

/* ---------- home ---------- */
.lead-band{background:var(--black);color:#fff;padding:54px 0 58px}
.lead-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.6fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:56px;align-items:start}
.lead-band .label{color:#fff;border:1px solid #fff;padding:5px 8px}
.lead-band h1{color:#fff;font-size:clamp(2.2rem,5vw,3.9rem);line-height:1.02;letter-spacing:-.035em;margin:18px 0 18px}
.lead-band h1 a{color:#fff;text-decoration:none}
.lead-band h1 a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:3px;text-underline-offset:.12em}
.lead-band .dek{font-size:1.2rem;line-height:1.55;color:#D0D0D0;max-width:58ch}
.lead-band .meta{color:#A0A0A0}
.lead-band .meta b{color:#fff}
.lead-band .meta .dot::before{color:#555}
.lead-band .readmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;border:1px solid #fff;color:#fff;padding:12px 18px;font:600 .82rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none}
.lead-band .readmore:hover{background:#fff;color:#000}
.latest{border-top:1px solid #444}
.latest h2{font:600 .72rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#A0A0A0;margin:14px 0 4px}
.latest a{display:block;padding:16px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2E2E2E;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}
.latest a:hover h3{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:.15em}
.latest time{display:block;font:.74rem/1.3 var(--mono);color:#9A9A9A;margin-bottom:6px}
.latest h3{color:#fff;font-size:1.08rem;line-height:1.3;margin:0;letter-spacing:-.01em}

.section{padding:56px 0}
.section.gray{background:var(--gray);border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.sec-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:16px;border-top:3px solid var(--ink);padding-top:12px;margin-bottom:26px}
.sec-head h2{font-size:1.75rem;margin:0}
.sec-head a{font:600 .78rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}
.sec-head a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
.sec-intro{max-width:64ch;color:var(--ink-2);margin:-10px 0 28px;font-size:1.04rem}

.grid-list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));border-top:1px solid var(--ink);border-left:1px solid var(--ink)}
.cell{display:block;border-right:1px solid var(--ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);padding:22px 22px 24px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);background:#fff;min-height:180px}
.cell:hover{background:var(--ink);color:#fff}
.cell:hover h3,.cell:hover p,.cell:hover .label{color:#fff}
.cell .label{margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--muted)}
.cell h3{font-size:1.22rem;line-height:1.2;margin:0 0 10px}
.cell p{font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--ink-2);margin:0}

.post-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:170px minmax(0,1fr) 120px;gap:28px;padding:24px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);align-items:baseline}
.post-row:first-child{border-top:1px solid var(--ink)}
.post-row time{font:.78rem/1.5 var(--mono);color:var(--muted)}
.post-row h3{font-size:1.45rem;line-height:1.15;margin:0 0 8px}
.post-row p{margin:0;color:var(--ink-2);font-size:1rem}
.post-row .rt{font:.78rem/1.5 var(--mono);color:var(--muted);text-align:right}
.post-row:hover h3{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:.15em}

.split{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.3fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:56px;align-items:start}
.checklist{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;border-top:1px solid var(--ink)}
.checklist li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:52px 1fr;gap:0;padding:16px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.checklist .n{font:700 .9rem/1.6 var(--mono)}
.checklist strong{display:block;font-size:1.05rem;margin-bottom:2px}
.checklist span{color:var(--ink-2);font-size:.97rem}
.panel{border:2px solid var(--ink);padding:24px}
.panel h3{font-size:1.2rem;margin:10px 0 10px}
.panel p{color:var(--ink-2);font-size:.97rem}
.panel .btn{margin-top:6px}
.btn{display:inline-block;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;border:2px solid var(--ink);padding:12px 18px;font:600 .8rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer}
.btn:hover{background:#fff;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none}
.btn.ghost{background:#fff;color:var(--ink)}
.btn.ghost:hover{background:var(--ink);color:#fff}
.lede-text{font-size:1.1rem;line-height:1.7;color:var(--ink-2);max-width:var(--measure)}

/* ---------- article ---------- */
.art-head{padding:30px 0 30px;max-width:900px}
.art-head h1{font-size:clamp(2.1rem,4.6vw,3.5rem);line-height:1.04;letter-spacing:-.035em;margin:16px 0 18px}
.art-head .dek{font-size:1.22rem;line-height:1.55;color:var(--ink-2);max-width:62ch;margin:0 0 20px}
.byline{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:4px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:12px 0}
.art-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,var(--measure)) 270px;gap:70px;justify-content:space-between;padding:10px 0 70px}
.art-body{min-width:0}
.prose{font-size:1.1rem;line-height:1.75;color:var(--ink)}
.prose h2{font-size:1.75rem;margin:2em 0 .55em;line-height:1.15}
.prose h3{font-size:1.25rem;margin:1.5em 0 .4em}
.prose ul,.prose ol{padding-left:1.25em;margin:0 0 1.25em}
.prose li{margin-bottom:.5em;padding-left:.2em}
.prose ol li::marker{font-family:var(--mono);font-weight:700;font-size:.9em}
.summary{border:2px solid var(--ink);margin:0 0 2.2em;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.6}
.summary h2{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;font:600 .74rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0;padding:10px 16px}
.summary ul{margin:0;padding:16px 18px 10px 36px}
.summary li{margin-bottom:.55em}
.example{background:var(--gray);border-left:4px solid var(--ink);padding:16px 20px;margin:0 0 1.4em;font-size:1rem}
.example::before{content:"Example";display:block;font:600 .7rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:8px}
.tbl{overflow-x:auto;margin:.3em 0 1.6em;border:1px solid var(--ink)}
.tbl table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:.93rem;line-height:1.5}
.tbl th{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;text-align:left;font:600 .74rem/1.3 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:11px 14px;vertical-align:bottom}
.tbl td{padding:11px 14px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top;color:var(--ink-2)}
.tbl tr:nth-child(even) td{background:#FAFAFA}
.tbl td:first-child{color:var(--ink);font-weight:700}
.faq{margin-top:2.6em}
.faq > h2{font-size:1.75rem}
.faq details{border-top:1px solid var(--ink)}
.faq details:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}
.faq summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;padding:17px 40px 17px 0;position:relative;font-weight:700;font-size:1.06rem;line-height:1.4}
.faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
.faq summary::after{content:"+";position:absolute;right:6px;top:13px;font:400 1.5rem/1 var(--mono)}
.faq details[open] summary::after{content:"\2013"}
.faq details p{margin:0 0 18px;color:var(--ink-2);font-size:1.02rem}
.note{font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px;margin-top:2.4em}
.next{margin-top:3em}
.next h2{font:600 .74rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;border-top:3px solid var(--ink);padding-top:12px;margin:0 0 4px}
.next a{display:block;padding:16px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink)}
.next a .label{color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:6px}
.next a h3{font-size:1.2rem;margin:0 0 4px;line-height:1.25}
.next a p{margin:0;font-size:.95rem;color:var(--ink-2)}
.next a:hover h3{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:.15em}

.aside-sticky{position:sticky;top:90px}
.toc{border-top:3px solid var(--ink);padding-top:12px;margin-bottom:30px}
.toc h2,.aside-box h2{font:600 .72rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 10px}
.toc ol{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;counter-reset:t}
.toc li{counter-increment:t;display:grid;grid-template-columns:30px 1fr;padding:7px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft);font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.4}
.toc li::before{content:counter(t,decimal-leading-zero);font:.78rem/1.6 var(--mono);color:var(--muted)}
.toc a{color:var(--ink-2);text-decoration:none}
.toc a:hover{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline}
.toc a.on{color:var(--ink);font-weight:800}
.aside-box{border:1px solid var(--ink);padding:16px 18px}
.aside-box p{font-size:.9rem;color:var(--ink-2);margin:0 0 10px}
.aside-box ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:.9rem}
.aside-box li{padding:6px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft)}
.toc-mobile{display:none}

/* ---------- calculators ---------- */
.calc{border:2px solid var(--ink);margin:.4em 0 1.6em;font-family:var(--sans)}
.calc-head{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;font:600 .74rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 16px}
.calc-body{padding:18px 18px 6px}
.calc .row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(150px,1fr));gap:14px;margin-bottom:16px}
.calc label{display:block;font:600 .74rem/1.3 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-2);margin-bottom:6px}
.calc input{width:100%;padding:10px 11px;border:1px solid var(--ink);border-radius:0;font:1rem var(--mono);background:#fff;color:var(--ink)}
.calc-out{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(150px,1fr));border-top:1px solid var(--ink)}
.calc-out div{padding:14px 18px;border-right:1px solid var(--line)}
.calc-out div:last-child{border-right:0}
.calc-out span{display:block;font:600 .7rem/1.3 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}
.calc-out strong{display:block;font:700 1.45rem/1.3 var(--mono);color:var(--ink)}
.calc-note{font-size:.82rem;color:var(--muted);padding:0 18px 14px;margin:0}

/* ---------- forms ---------- */
.form{border-top:3px solid var(--ink);padding-top:18px}
.form .row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(200px,1fr));gap:16px;margin-bottom:16px}
.form label{display:block;font:600 .74rem/1.3 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:6px}
.form input,.form select,.form textarea{width:100%;padding:11px 12px;border:1px solid var(--ink);border-radius:0;font:1rem var(--sans);background:#fff;color:var(--ink)}
.form textarea{min-height:160px}
.form-note{font-size:.85rem;color:var(--muted);margin-top:12px}

/* ---------- footer ---------- */
.site-foot{background:var(--black);color:#BDBDBD;padding:48px 0 28px;margin-top:30px}
.foot-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.4fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:36px}
.foot-brand .word{font:900 1.4rem/1 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.14em;color:#fff;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:14px}
.foot-brand p{font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.6;margin:0 0 10px;max-width:36ch}
.site-foot h2{font:600 .7rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;margin:0 0 14px}
.site-foot ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
.site-foot li{margin-bottom:8px;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.4}
.site-foot a{color:#BDBDBD;text-decoration:none}
.site-foot a:hover{color:#fff;text-decoration:underline}
.foot-base{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;border-top:1px solid #2E2E2E;margin-top:34px;padding-top:18px;font:.76rem/1.5 var(--mono);color:#8C8C8C}

/* ---------- cookie notice ---------- */
.cookie{position:fixed;left:16px;right:16px;bottom:16px;max-width:560px;margin:0 auto;background:#fff;border:2px solid var(--ink);padding:16px 18px;display:none;z-index:200;box-shadow:6px 6px 0 var(--ink)}
.cookie.active{display:block}
.cookie p{font-size:.9rem;color:var(--ink-2);margin:0 0 12px}
.cookie .acts{display:flex;gap:10px}

/* ---------- responsive ---------- */
@media (max-width:1080px){
  .art-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:0}
  .aside{display:none}
  .toc-mobile{display:block;border:1px solid var(--ink);margin:0 0 28px}
  .toc-mobile summary{cursor:pointer;padding:12px 14px;font:600 .74rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase}
  .toc-mobile ol{margin:0;padding:4px 14px 14px 38px;font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.5}
  .toc-mobile li{margin-bottom:6px}
  .grid-list{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}
}
@media (max-width:900px){
  .head-row{height:58px}
  .brand .tag{display:none}
  .nav-toggle{display:block}
  .nav{display:none;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:100%;background:var(--black);flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;padding:4px 28px 18px;border-top:1px solid #2E2E2E;max-height:calc(100vh - 58px);overflow:auto}
  .nav.open{display:flex}
  .nav a,.nav .sub-btn{padding:14px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A2A2A;width:100%;text-align:left;font-size:1rem}
  .nav>li>a[aria-current="page"],.nav .sub-btn.on{box-shadow:none;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:.35em}
  .has-sub:hover .sub,.has-sub:focus-within .sub{display:none}
  .has-sub.open .sub{display:block}
  .sub{position:static;background:transparent;border:0;padding:0 0 8px 14px;min-width:0}
  .sub a{color:#D0D0D0;border-bottom:0;padding:9px 0;font-size:.95rem}
  .sub a:hover{background:transparent;color:#fff}
  .sub .all{border-top:0}
  .ticker .rest{display:none}
  .lead-grid,.split{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:34px}
  .lead-band{padding:36px 0 40px}
  .post-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:6px}
  .post-row .rt{text-align:left}
  .foot-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}
  .foot-brand{grid-column:1/-1}
  .prose{font-size:1.05rem}
}
@media (max-width:600px){
  .wrap{padding:0 18px}
  .grid-list{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .cell{min-height:0}
  .foot-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .art-head h1{font-size:2rem}
  .sec-head h2{font-size:1.4rem}
}
@media print{.site-head,.ticker,.aside,.cookie,.site-foot{display:none}}

.split .faq{margin-top:0}
.split .faq > h2{font-size:1.4rem}